sono pazzo
Ho fatto questo per un piccolo progetto sulla storia della città del Vaticano - era molto interessante - per me (!) - così, se avete troppo tempo...
La città del Vaticano è stata riconosciuta ufficialmente per quello che e ora, uno stato papale indipendente all’interno del comune di Roma, l’undici febbraio 1929 (mille novecento ventinove), in conformità alle condizioni dell’accordo che si chiama il ‘Trattato Laterano’.
Prima di questa, la storia degli ‘stati papali’ va molto indietro nel passato - la frase ‘stati papali’ si riferisce a tutto il territorio sopra cui il papa regna. Fino al sesto secolo dopo Cristo (DC), ha incluso la città di Roma e tutti i dintorni. Questo territorio è stato dato formalmente al Papa Stefano III (terzo) da ‘Pepin il Corto’, il re dei Franchi, nel 754 (settecento cinquanta quattro) DC.
Gradualmente, l’area totale del territorio inclusa negli stati papali è aumentato per mezzo dei doni, delle compere e conquiste fino al Cinquecento, quando ha incluso la maggior parte dell’italia Centrale.
Questo territorio è stato ritenuto in gran parte fino al 1797 (mille settecento novanta sette), quando gli esèrciti napoleonici hanno afferato molta terra. Quando il 1801 è arrivato, il papa Pio VII (settimo) aveva riguadagnato un po’del territorio e, nel 1815 (mille ottocento quindici), quasi tutto il territorio è stato ritornato dal congresso di Vienna, ed è stato messo sotto la protezione dell’Austria.
Nel 1870 (mille ottocento setanta), tutta la terra che era inclusa negli stati papali, come Roma, veniva inclusa a ‘un Italia Unita’ dal suo re, Vittorio Emmanuele II, riducendo l’area giurisdizionale del papa al Vaticano, nel centro di Roma.
Qui, per protestare alla occupazione Italiana, ogni papa successivo è diventato un prigioniero volontario avendo rifuitato, nel 1871, la garanzia del governo Italiano nuovo al papa Pio IX (nono) per provvedere un rèddito annuale di 3 250 000 lire e l’uso dei palazzi Vaticani e Laterani come un indennita per la loro perdita di sovranita e territorio.
Ma la Chiesa cattolica ha reclamato la sua necessita per la indipendenza nel suo esercizio della guida spirituale, e non ha accettato il regolamento.
Questo stato d’affari si chiama la ‘questione Romana’
Le negoziazioni tra il governo Italiano e la Santa sede (l’alto nome della città del Vaticano) per decidere il problèma hanno cominciato nel 1926 (mille novecento ventisei) e, nel 1929 (mille novecento ventinove), hanno concordato al ‘Trattato Laterano’ firmato dal primo ministro, Benito Mussolini da parte del re, Emmanuele III (terzo) d’italia, e dal vescovo Pietro Gasparri da parte del papa Pio XI (undicesimo), che era il segretario papale dello stato.
Questi accordi riconoscono la città del vaticano come uno stato, e mantengono che la santa sede ha sovranita completato e indipendente. Il papa a quel puno, impegnava a neutralita in tutti gli affari stranieri e all’astensione dalla mediazione di quest’affari salvo quando invitato esplicitamente da tutti gli interessati.
Il cattolicismo diveniva la religione nazionale d’italia e un grossa somma di soldi fu pagato alla santa sede per mettere fine all disputa.
Il Trattato Laterano veniva soppiantato da un accordo nuovo nel 1984 (mille novecento ottanta quattro). Come ho detto - interessante!
TO KSQUARE, IN WHOSE NAME THIS PIECE WAS LABORIOUSLY TRANSLATED BACK INTO (POOR) ENGLISH AT GREAT PAINS TO MY PERSON. OH ME, MY BLEEDING FINGERS! Just kidding; it didn't take long at all - sorry for the linguistic impasse, my bad:
The Vatican was recognised officially for what it is, an independent papal state within the commune of Rome, on February 1st 1929, conforming to the conditions set in the governing accord, called the Lateran Treaty.
Before this, the history of the papal states goes a long way back in history - the phrase ‘papal states’ refers to all the territory over which the pope reigns.
Until the sixth century AD, this included all of the city of Rome and the surroundings. This territory was formally given to the Pope Stefan the Third by Pepin the Short, the king of the Franks, in 754 AD.
Gradually, the total area included within the papal states increased by means of gifts, purchases and conquests up until the 16th century, when it included the greater part of Central Italy.
This territory was retained, in greater part, up until 1797, when the Napoleonic Guards snatched away much land.
When 1801 had arrived, Pope Pius the Seventh had regained some of the territory and, in 1815, almost all of the territory was returned by the Congress of Vienna and was put under the protection of Austria.
In 1870, all of the land that was included in the Papal states, such as Rome, became included in a ‘United Italy’ by its king, Victor Emmanuel the Second, reducing the jurisdictional area of Pope to the Vatican, in the centre of Rome.
Here, to protest against the Italian occupation, each successive Pope became a voluntary prisoner, having refused, in 1871, the guarantee of the new Italian government to Pope Pius the Ninth to provide an annual income of 3 250 000 Lira and the use of the Vatican and Lateran palaces as an indemnity/compensation for their loss of sovereignty and territory.
But the Catholic church claimed its need for independence in its exercise of spiritual guidance, and did not accept the agreement.
This state of affairs was called the Roman Question.
The negotiations between the Italian government and the Holy See (the other name for the Vatican) to decide the problem began in 1926 and, in 1929, they concorded upon the Lateran Treaty, signed by the Prime Minister, Benito Mussolini, on behalf of the king, Emmanuel the Third of Italy, and by the bishop Pietro Gasparri, on behalf of the Pop Pius the Eleventh, who was the papal secretary of state.
These agreements recognised the Vatican city as a state, and maintained that the Holy See had complete and independent sovereignty. The Pope, at this point, was pledged to neutrality in all foreign affairs and to the abstention of the mediation of these affairs save when invited explicitly by the interessees.
Catholicism became the national religion of Italy and a gross sum of money was paid to the Holy See to put an end to the dispute – says plenty about the Catholic Church.
The Lateran Treaty was superseded by a new agreement in 1984.
0 TrackBacks
Listed below are links to blogs that reference this entry: sono pazzo.
TrackBack URL for this entry: http://stairs.happenchance.com/mt4/mt-tb.cgi/327
Veramente, siete pazzi.
Hai usato un traduttore? Altavista will always translate "you" into the plural form, which leaves me feeling a little schizo-.
... right. Excellent. I agree completely. Now just tell me... what was it you said again?
Afraid so. My Italian languishes beneath about 30 years of accumulated rust, and verbs were never a strong point in the first place. I knew it wasn't right, but I only realized why after posting. (In my defence, I could claim that "Stairs" is a plural in English, but that would be silly :)
What should it be with tu, sei? Se? Something like that I guess, though babelfish only gives "six" and "if" for those. Sei pazzo?
I could just about read your post, though. Funny how it's much easier to derive meanings from words than it is to conjure words for a particular meaning, but then there was also a lot of helpful context here.
Is this "piccolo progetto" just a personal thing or is it homework or something? It felt a bit like the latter, although that may just have been because I had to work so hard at reading it.
Oh mio Dio! Cosa vedono i miei occhi? Stairs scrive in Italiano!!
Let's check what you've written... Mmm, you have made a few mistakes in concordances (male-singular etc) and the singular form of the verb to be needs the accent (è, not e). Apart from that, and a couple of verbs that would have been better in another form, it's surprinsingly good :) Da quant'è che lo studi?
PS: Don't even try Altavista. That thing is pure cr*p. Have you tried Babylon?
For a moment of boredom, Ks, I have translated it back into English for you; click on "Continue Reading" at the bottom of the entry.
Matt, does that mean that guys called "Andreas" are actually collective bodies of girls with the same name? Silly is right up my alley.
Sei pazzo, indeed. Or "siete pazzo", but you know me, so you'd not likely use that one anyhow :) I agree with your point about intuiting the meanings of words; the converse that you describe is usually my problem. How is it you came to pick up Italian in any case? I studied it for two years, six or so years ago, and occasionally try to practice since I don't get to use it much in this country... it just seems a shame to let slip on something so useful, even if it can be used only infrequently.
Ciao, Alessandra - grazie per il tuo giudizio sulla mia opera! Sono d'accordo; per me, non è facile scrivere in Italiano, sopratutto quando la tastiera Inglese non ha i pulsanti (?) con l'etichette dei accenti! :) L'ho studiato qualche anni fa (come ho già detto sopra), alla mia scuola, e sto dimenticando tutti i punti grammatici perché non é possibile esercitarlo qui... come vedi!
I lived a bit in Italy as a child, and visited often through much of my childhood. It all started to go wrong when I went to secondary school and they began teaching me French, which muddied the waters considerably. Also, I was rather shy then and my parents and sister spoke Italian much better than me, so on the whole I let them. (As mentioned elsewhere, Dorigen went on to live a lot in Italy and can pass for native if she wants.)
I have occasionally muddled through alone in adulthood -- I once had a very laborious chat-up with a guy in a gay club in Rome whose English was as bad as my Italian, which was entertainingly hapless -- but I have basically no vocabulary at my fingertips, which is a bit of a conversational handicap.
It feels very odd to be able to just about, with a bit of work, comprehend the language written down, and to be able to understand a fair percentage of what's being said by others, but not be able to express myself in it at all. It seems illogical -- like being able to read, but not write -- if I can recognize these things, why can't I make them work for me? -- but I suppose just demonstrates that different parts of the brain are involved in these activities.
And yes, Andreases really are collective organisms. Sort of like slime molds.
Re: Translating it into English
Someone needs to get a TV quick smart, as all that 'spare time' is leading him towards increasingly bizarre activities...
But maybe that's my answer for everything.
Signed
The Cable Guy
(Il uomo cabile(?!!) - oh, forgeddit... ;-) ...I'm just stopping myself from writing something in Danish!)
LOL... I love the second title. Thanks. ;)
Ahh... so that's what it means... okay, how on earth do you remember so many languages? I'm having trouble with just speaking four languages/dialects. Can I have your brain? I need your vocabulary.